2.
  -2024
   

(     -I)
 :      :75
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.      DSM V ,          
2.         
 -
3.      -          
4.   '   :
(a)     
()     
(c)    
2.
 -
5.                  
   
 ? 15
6.           ,       

-
7.                   
    '  
8.                
2.
  -2024
   

(     -I)
 :      :75
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.      DSM V ,          - 
 
:DSM-5     :     
   
             
  ,    ,   ,      
  
    ,        ,   
   
         ,    
,   ,     , ,    
   ""        
 
  ? 
   ? 
       
       ?
       -      ,  
,       ,  DSM, 
              ,
DSM-5,   2013         , 
              
    
2.
    
DSM-5    ,         " "   
       '       , ,   
'           ,  
 ,           '  
               :
1.    :       
2.     :      
3.   :         
4.    :            


     ,       
              DSM-5 
 
DSM-5:      
DSM-5                 '
          
;      
   ,             
             
DSM-5   20      ,      
       :
1.      :
       ,       , 
,          ,
 ,  -/  (ADHD)  
2.         :
  ,        ,
 ,     
 
3.      :
         -   
()      
4.   :
, ,         
,          
2.
5.   :
  , ,        
   
  ,  ,    
6.  -    :
       ,   -
 (OCD)    
7.  -   -  :
           ,   -
  (PTSD)
8.    :
, , ,       ,  
  
9.      :
           ,  
  
10.       :
-      ,     
 
11. 
-    :

    ,      
12.    :
         
13.  , -,    :
    -    ,   
   -    
14.             :
     ,   , ,      
 
15. -  :
    '     ,     
   
16.   :
               ' 
,   , -,    
17.    :
            
    
18.     :
            

       
19.  -     -    :
            

2.
20. -   :
                  


DSM-5     ,    ,     

             
DSM-5    
DSM-5              

 :
1.  :
             , 

       
 
2.   :
     , DSM-5 , ,
            
3.     :
     ,       -
   DSM-5     
4.      :
   , ,         
5.        :
        DSM-5    
         DSM-5  '  

6.   '   :
DSM-5            ' 
 ,       
 
DSM-5    
    , DSM-5    
:
1.   :
     DSM-5        
,              
2.
2.    :
     '  ,   
      


3.   :
DSM-5    , ,  -       
4.    '  :
  -   ,  ,   
         
 
5. - :
            ,   
      
6.  -:
    ,      '   ,   -
   
     
DSM-5       ,         
 ,            

     
      ,       
                
,              
 ,           , DSM-5   
    
  , 
,           
   
,      

   DSM-5         
           , ,    
           ,      
              
 
 , DSM-5    ,       ,
                 
 ,          ,  DSM-5   ,
        
2.
2.         
:󷊆󷊇     
1.  
                
 - , ,              
       
      

:         '    ""   
   
2.    
  ,     :
(, ),
 ( ),
( )
       -  ,    ,      ,
         -     
3.  
        ,  , , ,  
             '   ,
         
4.   
    '        ,   -  (,
, , , )   ,      
   

:  '           
 
5.      
          
    
    ,   ,        
   
2.
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
   ,       :
1.      
  ,            
     ,         
2.   
   '           , 
                 

3.    
        -           
    ,         
,  -  

4.  
, ,            
 '                

5.   
    -   
       
            
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃   
    ,         :
1.      
     '   
, ,        '     
  
          
2.  '   
2.
-     '       
 
      ,       
 
3.        
         '    
  ,         
         
4.    
        ,     
    
  (,  ) ,     
  
5.    
   20
        '  
        '  
 
󼩺󼩻       
        :
       '  
       ' 
       -   
      '    
   -  - 
󷇮󷇭   
,  
     ?
  :
o          
o   ,        
o  -          

:
2.
o           '   
 
o      '    '    
o          
 :
o         '  
 ,   
 
o     (   , -
)    '   ,    -  
󼩺󼩻   
               ,
      ,          
        ,  ,   
       ,           
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘
         
         
,  ,  
      
  -           
 
 ,     ,  ,   
   
 ,      
  :   
,   ,
            
        ,       
         
 -
3.      -          
:     -     
      '   
     

,     '    ,     '
            ,   

    
             
2.

  ,  
   -     
  
     
    ;       
  ,   , ,       
         ,  
(  )   (  )     
      
  
-  ""  ,       
 
        ,   , 
,        
1.        
       ,    , ,    
   
 ,          
 ,           ,  
         ,    -  
    ,      ,    ,  
     
                  
    ,        ,  ,
-   ,    '        , 
       
2.    
 ,                -
        ,      
 -              ,
               ,   
              
 
;           
   
3.  
2.
    
;         , ,
             
    ,       
     ,          -
     
4.    
 ,          ,   '
                 ,
,        ,       
  ,            ,   ,
 ,      ,   ,        
  -   ,    
   
            , "" 
,             
   ;   ,      
   
1.     
           -  , 
   '       , , , 
          
 ,                  
       ,       
            - 
  ,    ,          ,
          
2.         
- 
  ,           
     ,        
     ,         -,
         ,     
  -      
2.
   -           ,
 -          - -, ,
    
3.      
             
            , ,
        ,       
 ,              ,
,    '    
 , ,         
  
        ,  ,    
   ,            
4.          
  ,     -      ,  ,
   -             
    ,       , PTSD  
 , , ,        ,    
  ,         
         
             
 -
           
      ,       
   
 ,   '           
         ,  ,   
  ,        '       
,              ,
  , ,       
            -   
          ,     
             - 
     
2.
      
     ,       '  :
1. ,  :
             
       ,        
,         ,       
   ,   ( )    
( )       
2.  ,    :
             '  ,  
     ,     ',    ' 
    ( )    ( ) 
       
3. ,      :
           , 
-           
'  ,          ,
    ,     

     
         
          -     , 
, ,    ,       , 
 ,      -        
  
-             
  
        ,  , ,    
           , ,  
           ,  
       
-        ,   ,  
          
   ,  
 
              
        
2.
4.   '   :
(a)     
()     
(c)    
:󷊆󷊇(a)     
1. 
             
 ,             
      
 ,        
 
 
2.         
   :,         
           ,    
    ,   ,   -   

       -:, ,  ,   
                  
,          
    :, , ,     ' 
  ,            
,        
  :  -, ,          
,         
       :      ',   
 -  ,  -,       
     
3.  '  
    '    "" 
      
      
        ,   , ,  
,         
             
,      
4.  
2.
            ,       , 
          ,       ,
             
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼()     
1. 
    
    
    
            ,     
        
2.      
    :
o


(  21)  ,     
     
o


(  X   )    
      
   :
o



        
     
o
 
(PKU),     ,  
           
       :
o ,  ,      
,         
o              
     
3.  '  
       
      
   
 
  (  , ,   )   
  
       
4.  
                  
       -         -   ,
   '              
,           ,     
 '   
2.
󷇮󷇭(c)    
1. 
         

        
    
,      ,     -    
, ,         
2.        
     :
o   (    )     
        ,   
            

o     '   ,      (  )
     
      :
o           ,  
        
o        ,       
    
     :
o   (   )      
 
o    , ,  
     
    :
o    ,   ,        
    
o     '   
    
      
3.  '  
             

           ,   
        
            
  
4.  
2.
     -        
'  ,   
'   
 ,         ,      
    
   -       
          
󹺖󹺗󹺕       
        ,  ,   
          
 :
      ( )     
    ( )    ,    
      
   ,    (   )   
 ,           
 ,    '        ,   
 
󼩺󼩻      
          :
1.         ( )    
2.        ( ) 
3.    ,    (   )   
  -          '    ,
                
   
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘
            ,
,       
 
           : , ,
        
         :   
          
            :   ,
,           
  
  
2.
  ,             
 ,
        
 ,            
 - 
     
         ""  "
" 
       ,      '     
  ,            
      
 -
5.                 
   
 ?
:   :       
     
         ,  
  ,                 ,
    ,   ,    -  
        ,        ' 
   ,  ,         -     
     ,    ,  
     ?      
      
   ?      ,       
        
 
   ?
                
                
,    ,       "  "
       ,   ,    
 ,         
       ,  ,       ,
       ,     ,  
               ,  , 
  ,      ,        
2.
    :            
        ;           
    
    
  --   
    '   , 
    ' -          
              :
1.   
                   

        ,         
 ,   
 ,  
        
  :  , ,   '         
 :        
 :      ,    ,  
   
2.    
        ,    
   
     
  :   - ,      

 :           , ,
,        
 :          ,  
     -    
3.   
                  
  
         
  :    ,  ,   ,  
        
 :   , ,        
    
2.
 :    ,      ,    
  
4.      
     '      :
  :        ,   ,
,     , 
 ,   
  :     ,   , , -,
 ,       
          ,  
          ,   ,  ,   
 (   )         
5.     
   
      :
:        
    
   

:  ,    ,     
 :           ,
        

:  , ,  ,       
         
     ,            
 -  ,       
: ,   ,   ,   , 
 
  :, , , ,   
 :     ,   ' ,   
,   
             ,  
        
2.
            
 
       
    - ,   
     ,       '     
     :
1.  
        
 :
  :     '     ,
       
   :   '    ,  
      
 :    '   ,   -
           
2.         
    
,     
       
,   ,    ,    
     ,      
3.     
     '    
 :
     
   
     
   
           
4.    
   ,  ,           
          
     
         -       
5.     
                
    '      ,    
     
2.
6.  
              
        ,       
  ,       
7.    
 
, - ,   ,      
              
        
 
 :    
       ,           
        :
      :, ,  ,    
    
     :, ,         

    : 
,         

 
   :,         
 
 '  :, 
,       
    
     ,           
          

       
  
     
    ,       ,    
     , 
      
   
         
              
                 
 
2.
 ,    ,      ,   , 
,  ,             
 , 
    ,       
,            
 ,    
 -    ,        
         
,   ,    
 '     
6.           ,       

:󷊆󷊇   
           -       
        
1.  (   )
       ,      
: ,   ,   ,  , ,  
   

:       '       
     
2.  (   )
      ""    
:    ( ,  ,  ),   
 ,   
    '      20-60    
3.    
  : ,   ,     
:       4  72 
 : , ,    (),  
 (),      
      ,      ,  
   
2.
4.  (  )
     ,  ,     '   
 
     ,        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     ( )
         ,   ,  
     '    -  
  

1.   
:            ,
      
     :     
    
 
      :       ,
,         
2.   
    :         , -
,       
  :     ,   , 
    
   :    
 ,  - 
          
3.        
  : 
,  , ,   

 : ,  ,  
   :         
 
   :   ,      
 ,   '    
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃    
2.
    ,      "  " 
,  
               
  
- :          
 , ,          
 :        -  
  ,      '    ""  
   :    ("  
 ," "   
 ")    
 
󷇮󷇭    ( )
      
     '   
, ,      
1.     (      )
  (NSAIDs, triptans)    
-             
    '         
 - 
      
2.      
(a)        

     ,       ,   
  
:   ,   ,  ,   

:     ,        
     
()  -    (CBT)
           
      
: "    
 "    ,    
"   ;     "
     
 ,    
 
()  
2.
       (    ,   )
         
   ,        
 
()   
 
,  ,   
 , ,     -   
        
(e)        
         
  ,             
   
     
 
3.    
 :         "  
" 
,     
   ' :  -,  ,    
4.    
     
  
-     
         
󼩺󼩻   
             '    , 
        -           
,       , ,      
            
,   
   -    ,         
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘
   ,     
:      -   , ,   , 
 -  ,     
 :  ,  , ,     
      
2.
 :          -   , 
 , , ,    ,   
    
     
 :    - 
    
  ,    
         
     , 
           
 
 ,     , "    ,"   :  , 
         ,     ,  
       
-
7.                   
    '  
: :   ,        
    -     ,     ,   
   -     ,       ,
    ,              
,            
   ""   
     ,     -       
 ,        
    
   ,               
          ,     , 
   '          
    ,   ,        ,
,         
    ,       '     
     ,              
        ,     '       
  ,  -          
 
      
2.
    
   ,           
        '         
       -,       
 -   ,   ,   ,     
 ,               ,
   ,     -    

     -  
        
  -  ,    ,       
         , 
        
;       -   
            
      ,       ,  
             ,   
 
:
 1:           
          '   ,    
 ,             ,   
   
 ,     ,        
,  , ,          

     '       
 -   
 -   
 2:            
        '          

                '
 
 ,       
 
2.
 ,            ,     
                  '
 ,  
      ,   
 3:       ,        
               
 , ,         '     ,
         ,     
 
         
 ,     
             ,  
, ,             
, ,       
 4:        
    -    ,      
 ,              
 ,         ,   
                
             
 5:    
               

 ,                
    ,           ,
             
             ,  
      
 6:     
 
            ,        

 ,                
2.
  ,     , ,  ,    
   
             
,    
 
 7:          
 
   : "    '  
 ;   
 " 
 '         ,    '  
       ,   '   
             - , 
,     -    
         
 
       
  -    '
   
 :
1.   :        "  " 
 ,        
2.    :        -
   ,         
3.   :       ,    
  
4.     :  ""    
            
 
5.    :      ,  
  -   
  '    
    
        ,    
        
;   ,   
   ,   
       
 ,         -,    '
  
2.
    
   ,        
              
 ,        

        
     , 
 ,           
             
 
           ,   ,   
      - 
   
       
     ,      
  
 ,  ,            ,
      ,          
 
8.                
:󷊆󷊇     
        
     ,  , 
      
1.   
     :     
,          ,    
 ""     
 :            
  ,     
   :-  ,       
    ,      

:            ',    '
 
     '        ,  "
 "    '   ,        
2.   
2.
    :   , ,      
  
  :,  ,       
    :,  ,  PTSD    
 ,    
 

:           
     ,        
3.        
   :          
   : , ,       

 
    :      
 
     :        
     

:               , 
 -               ,  
    ,         
4.  -  
,             
  ,          
  
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼       
     - ""   
       ,
  ,       
1.    
:          
             
 :  (   , ,  )   
         
-     :       -  

2.   
2.
()  -    (CBT)
           
        
: "      "    ,  
        
()    
 -           
      - '  
(c)   
          
:            
(d)      
              
 
             
3.        
   :        
     
  :,  ,     ,  
   
    :  ,  ,   - 
   
 
4.     
 : ,   
 
 
 
 
  :,        
    :      ,     
    
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃   
:   ,            
 ,    
:            
2.
 :   ,        
󼩺󼩻   
         - , ,    - 
               
     ,     
 ,    
        ,   ,   '  
         
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘
    
  ,      
    
 : ,  , ,   ,  
,    - ,      


 :, ,  (,  ,   ), 
, ,            
   
  ,     ,    ,   
              
"                  

          ,           "